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Taxonomy
a hierarchical system for classifying and identifying organisms. This system was developed by Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century
Organisms are classified into groups based on characteristics, such as number of cells, nucleus or no nucleus, food making or obtaining, and movement from one place to another.
Scientists use smaller and smaller groups to further classify organisms. The smaller the group, the more similar the organisms in it are to each other. There are seven groups into which an organism can be classified.
Kingdoms are the largest groups into which organisms can be classified. Organisms in each kingdom share basic traits. A trait is a characteristic of a living thing. Organisms within a kingdom are similar to one another but are different from organisms in other kingdoms.
Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species
The smallest group into which an organism is classified is a species. A species is made of only one type of organism that can reproduce only with another organism of the same species. Dogs and wolves belong to the same genus but not the same species. All dogs belong to the same species.
Classifying organisms helps people keep track of organisms, organize them into groups, and communicate about them using the naming system.
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Taxonomy of humans
KINGDOM: Animalia
PHYLUM: Chordata
CLASS: Mammalia
ORDER: Primata
FAMILY: Hominidae
GENUS: Homo
SPECIES: sapiens
Binomial Nomenclature
The first part of an organism’s scientific name is that organism’s genus. The second part of its scientific name is its species. The genus name for a lion is Panthera. While other large cats have the same genus name, only the lion has the full name Panthera leo.
Examples
Human – Homo sapiens
House cats – Felis catus
House flies – Musca domestica
Cows – Bos taurus
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